Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as a debut of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the COVID-19 pandemic era, a case report

Abstract

A 42-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department presenting progressive respiratory distress, general discomfort and fever, he was hospitalized in this institution with the diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure due to viral
pneumonia, it was required to rule out COVID-19 due to suggestive findings by Computer Tomography (CT) chest. A negative molecular test was obtained. Through laboratory tests, an ELISA HIV (+) test was available. It was suspected
atypical pneumonia due to an opportunistic infection in the case of an immunocompromised patient, other complementary tests were requested (Western-Blot, CD4 T lymphocytes) to the subsequent confirmation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Finally, it was diagnosed as Pneumonia Pneumocystis Jirovecii (PJP), highlighting the fact that the typical
radiological pattern did not appear on the CT chest but fulfilling other associated risk factors from the patient, letting to a favorable evolution of the patient was obtained with PJP treatment.