Nutcracker syndrome as an explanation for intermittent macroscopic hematuria: Review of a case report

Abstract

Nutcracker syndrome is a rare pathology characterized by compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, generating an increase in vascular pressure in the left renal vein. The
clinical presentation in its typical or renal form usually presents with hematuria, left flank pain and varicocele, however, does not usually have specific clinical presentation, which can occur from infancy to the seventh decade of life. Adequate follow-up in the pediatric population, and surgical treatment in certain patients is important to avoid renal vein thrombosis or renal injury. We present the case of a 7-year-old male patient who came to our institution with episodes of intermittent macroscopic hematuria apparently not associated with other symptoms and which resolved spontaneously. During the hospitalization period, a diagnosis of Nutcracker Syndrome was made and an adequate follow-up was established. We made a review of the literature on this pathology.